Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: Facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response

High quality graphene production is prerequisite for good performance in nonlinear optics application such as fast optical communications, all-optical switching, and limiting. Graphene journey begins with the method of synthesizing which need to be simple, fast, environmentally friendly. Hence, we introduce by exfoliating graphite electrochemical route produce functionalized various application. In this work, flakes are synthesis using two different electrodes; furnaced rod (Gr-FG) non-furnaced electrode (Gr-NFG). Visual inspection on synthesized Gr-FG Gr-NFG show dark murky color solutions give impression high yield flakes. Further observation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAED), UV–vis Raman analysis confirm structure. The behavior was accessed via Z-scan technique 637 nm laser source operating continuous mode simultaneous monitoring close open aperture signal. Close profile display refraction, whereas shows reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Equation fitting reveals higher n2 magnitude compared Gr-NFG, but later possess ?. 3rd order nonlinearity z-scan reveal admirable value at range 10?6 esu. Optical limiting conducted transmittance-based measurement superior Gr-FG.